Lab Plastic Extrusion Machine

Lab plastic extrusion machine is a small-size equipment used in laboratory to create continuous polymer products with a uniform cross section, such as pipes, tubes, films, boards, bottles and other custom shapes. In the extrusion process, the plastic materials in powder, pellets or granules are melted, mixed, dispersed evenly at the specified temperature and forced under pressure through a die’s opening with the rotation of the screw(s). The extruder needs to be operated with a die head and related auxiliary machines. The head determine the final shape and size of the product, and the auxiliary machines are responsible for the cooling, pulling, cutting, winding and other processes of the product. Common auxiliary machines include tube extrusion auxiliary machines, plate (sheet) extrusion auxiliary machines, film blowing auxiliary machines, film casting auxiliary machines, etc. In addition, the core component of the filter pressure value tester also uses a single screw extruder. The main raw materials generally used for extrusion by extruders are most thermoplastic plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and thermosetting plastics such as phenolic resin and epoxy resin, and elastomers.

The laboratory extruder consists of a power system, an extrusion system, a heating and cooling system, a feeding system and a control system. The power system is mainly composed of a three-phase motor, a gear reducer, and bearings, etc. Their function is to drive the screw and enable the screw to obtain the necessary torque and speed under given process conditions such as temperature, pressure and speed and to rotate evenly to complete a stable extrusion process. The extrusion system consists of a screw, a barrel, a diverter plate, a filter screen, etc. Its function is to plasticize the raw materials into a uniform melt under the action of temperature and pressure, and then continuously and stably squeeze them into the die under the action of the screw. The screw is the most important component of the extruder. It is directly related to the application range and productivity of the extruder and is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant alloy steel. The barrel is a metal cylinder made of heat-resistant, pressure-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy steel. The barrel and screw work together to crush, soften, melt, plasticize, exhaust and compact the plastic, and continuously and evenly convey the melting material to the molding system. The heating and cooling system contains special heating and cooling devices, which heat or cool the relevant parts of the extruder to ensure that the molding process is completed within the temperature range required by the process. The feeding system is mainly composed of a hopper and an automatic feeding device to provide stable and continuous materials to the extrusion system, but most laboratory equipment is directly fed manually. The control system contains various electronic components and a PLC human-computer interactive high-definition color touch screen to allow operators to input the required parameters, control the machine operation and present the equipment operation status in real time.

Among our laboratory plastic extruders, single-screw extruders are the most widely used and suitable for extrusion processing of general materials. The material goes through three stages during the single-screw extrusion process: feeding section, melting section and homogenization section. The main function of the feeding section is to compact and convey the material. The function of the melting section is to further compact and plasticize, so that the air surrounding the material is pressed back to the feeding port for discharge, and to improve the thermal conductivity of the plastic. The melt is further plasticized and homogenized in the homogenization section through the strong mixing and shearing action of the screw and barrel, and is extruded from the die at a constant pressure, quantity and temperature.

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